김현숙 Kim Hyun-sook , 이은주 Lee Eun-ju

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.1 Vol.7(No.2) 5-25, 2026

K-pop's global diffusion is undergoing a fundamental paradigm shift from fan-driven selective consumption to algorithm-based "Discovery-based consumption." This study analyzes how this structural transformation reshapes K-pop's global diffusion mechanisms and derives cultural policy implications for sustainable K-culture growth. Drawing on Platformization theory and cultural industry ecosystem theory, the study examines Spotify's RADAR Korea and EQUAL programs as case studies. The findings confirm that global platforms form a discovery-diffusion-re-consumption cycle converting non-fans into K-pop listeners, while functional division between local and global platforms supports both domestic market stability and global expansion. Structural challenges persist, including algorithmic bias favoring major agencies and platform power concentration. This study proposes reconceptualizing global platforms as collaborative partners in K-culture promotion, advancing three core policy directions: public-private collaborative incubating programs, performance-linked incentive systems, and a three-stage data-sharing governance roadmap-from aggregated data sharing to a public-platform data hub, culminating in the institutionalization of a global copyright consultative body. Feasibility analysis draws on comparable models in the UK and France, where platform-government data-sharing frameworks have already been established.

K-팝, 글로벌 플랫폼, 발견형 소비, 플랫폼화, 문화정책, K-pop, global platform, discovery-based consumption, platformization, cultural policy

신혜원 Shin Hyewon , 황선환 Hwang Sunhwan

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.2 Vol.7(No.2) 27-37, 2026

The purpose of this study is to provide data to determine policy priorities by identifying the relative influence of the leisure environment on leisure satisfaction for adults who have participated in cultural and artistic viewing activities at least once in the past three months during the 2024 survey period. The study data used the original data of the leisure-related survey of Korean research company C, and the final analysis target was 8,162 people. The leisure environment consisted of six sub-elements for culture and arts-related infrastructure: facility sufficiency, facility excellence, facility presence or absence, mobility, ease of use, and cost appropriateness, and leisure satisfaction was measured by the overall level of satisfaction with the relevant leisure activity. As a result of step-by-step regression analysis, the explanatory power for leisure satisfaction was in the order of convenience of use, cost appropriateness, facility sufficiency, facility excellence, and mobility, but in terms of relative influence, it was confirmed that the explanatory power of the final model was 29.7% (R²=.297). These findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing economic barriers to cultural participation-such as subsidized admission fees and income-differentiated pricing-should be prioritized over facility construction in efforts to promete cultural accessibility and mitigate cultural inequality.

문화·예술 관람활동, 여가환경, 여가만족도, 상대적 영향력, Cultural and Artistic Viewing Activities, Leisure Environment, Leisure Satisfaction, Relative Influence

공령연 Kong Ling-yan , 이진우 Lee Jin-woo

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.3 Vol.7(No.2) 39-62, 2026

This study examined the structural relationships through which interactivity, content quality, presence, perceived enjoyment, and social influence shape visitors’ participation intention in XR immersive exhibitions, based on the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM). Survey data were collected from 411 visitors to the XR immersive exhibition Eternal Gaudi in Guangzhou, China, and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Interactivity, content quality, presence, and perceived enjoyment significantly affected perceived usefulness or perceived ease of use, while perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were significantly associated with participation intention. Perceived usefulness showed the strongest effect on participation intention. The mediation analysis further revealed that technological attributes and experiential psychological factors were indirectly linked to participation intention through perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Social influence did not have a significant direct effect on perceived usefulness, but showed a limited indirect effect through perceived usefulness. Participation intention in XR immersive exhibitions is formed not merely through technology acceptance, but through visitors’ subjective evaluations of technological attributes, content experience, immersion, enjoyment, and perceived experiential value.

XR 몰입형 전시, 참여 의도, 확장된 기술수용모형, 지각된 유용성, 몰입 경험, XR immersive exhibition, participation intention, Extended Technology Acceptance Model, perceived usefulness, immersive experience

이동현 Lee Dong-hyun

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.4 Vol.7(No.2) 63-87, 2026

This study presents a scoping review (ScR) of 1,679 metaverse-related articles published between June 2021 and June 2025 in KCI-indexed journals across social sciences, arts and culture, and convergence studies in South Korea. Guided by the deductive ScR approach aligned with a Korean government report, "Metaverse: A New Industry Leading Initiative" (2022), the findings from an industry-academia ecosystem perspective indicate that overall metaverse research has transitioned into a phase of structural reconfiguration following a rapid expansion in 2021-2022. Across the three areas, research activities are heavily concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan region, with private institutions playing a dominant role. While industry-academia collaboration is identified, it remains largely at the level of parallel participation rather than integrated co-production. To detail ecosystem focus: social sciences emphasize the expansion of socio-institutional applications in education, policy, and management; arts and culture prioritize the creation of user-centered cultural value ecosystems through performance, exhibitions, and visual arts; and convergence studies focus on supply-side ecosystem development through technological validation, such as virtual reality, platforms, and interfaces. Metaverse platforms are thus positioned differently across disciplines, serving as tools for online and remote interaction in social sciences, as creative virtual spaces in arts and culture, and as three-dimensional digital infrastructures in convergence research. Notably, emerging research on integrated, ecosystem-oriented metaverse platforms signals a shift toward further interconnected approaches to metaverse studies.

메타버스, 주제범위 문헌고찰, 학제간 연구, 산학 연구, 생태계, Metaverse, scoping review, interdisciplinary study, industry-academic research, ecosystem

황지민 Hwang Jimin , 박나래 Park Na-rae , 박지현 Park Jihyon

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.5 Vol.7(No.2) 89-110, 2026

Recently, interest in integrated approaches across art genres in culture and arts education has increased. While integrated arts education is recognized as providing multilayered artistic experiences and promoting creative thinking, research on educators' experiences remains limited. This study conducted qualitative research with seven educators practicing cross-genre integrated arts education to explore how they understand integrated arts education, what educational effects it produces, and what tensions they experience during implementation. Findings revealed that educators perceive integrated arts education as a process of transforming senses and expressions and as a framework connecting life and art. Educational effects included increased participation and engagement through diverse entry points, expansion of thinking and expression through multiple pathways, and reduced emotional distance toward art. Major tensions included structural challenges in cross-genre collaboration, lack of confidence in utilizing other genres, and unpredictability in class operation. These results suggest that integrated arts education practice requires educators' continuous reflection, adjustment, and institutional support.

통합예술교육, 장르 간 통합, 문화예술교육, 교수자 경험, 예술교육 실천, integrated arts education, cross-genre integration, culture and arts education, instructor experience, arts education practice

차민주 Cha Minjoo

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.6 Vol.7(No.2) 111-131, 2026

This study examines the meaning-making process in Korean painting education using Minhwa Munjado, focusing on pre-service elementary teachers’ artmaking experiences and cultural and artistic meaning-making. An action research design was implemented with 60 second-year students at a university of education. Data were collected from completed artworks, planning notes, sketches, written explanations, reflective journals, and interviews, and were analyzed through the coding and categorization of meaning units. The findings indicate that, in the process of creating Munjado, letter forms served as structural frameworks for composition, while symbolic elements organized the internal pictorial space. Participants’ understanding of Munjado shifted from a form-centered perception to a meaning-based understanding and further expanded into interpretations related to personal values and professional aspirations as future teachers. In addition, the instructional process enabled participants to reinterpret the symbolic system of traditional painting within the contexts of contemporary life and education. These findings suggest that Korean painting education using Minhwa Munjado can be designed as an integrated instructional process that connects artmaking, meaning construction, and reflection. The study offers educational implications for pre-service teacher education and elementary art instruction.

민화 문자도, 한국화 교육, 미술교육, 초등 예비교사, 문화예술적 의미 형성, Minhwa Munjado, Korean painting education, art education, pre-service elementary teachers, cultural and artistic meaning-making

장미영 Jang Mi Young , 주영광 Joo Young Kwang

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.7 Vol.7(No.2) 133-161, 2026

This study explores how an art therapist engages in experiences of self-reflection through depaysement-based art-making, examining the life of the art therapist through arts-based research and narrative inquiry, with a focus on the works of René Magritte. To this end, the researcher and narrative voice, “I,” attended to the three-dimensional narrative inquiry space―temporality, sociality, and place―and derived the following findings. First, through the AI-generated artwork Outside the Room, the researcher experienced self-reflection by transforming unconscious negative emotions into a creative and productive process. Second, through the art-making processes of Mountain and Dome, the expression of paradox, logical displacement, and mystery enabled the articulation of past and present suffering, leading to experiences of catharsis and insight through the activation of free imagination. Third, through the artworks Self-Portrait and Giraffe, the researcher experienced self-reflection in which art therapy, initially rooted in centripetal emotions, expanded into centrifugal emotions that support and benefit clients. This study highlights the process by which an art therapist establishes a professional identity through experiences of confusion and conflict encountered while meeting the self through art-making. Its significance lies in illuminating the lived experience of an art therapist and presenting practical applications of art-making experiences, thereby providing foundational data necessary for establishing a theoretical basis for art therapists’ art-making experiences.

미술치료사, 자기성찰, 미술작업, 예술기반 자전적 내러티브 탐구, 르네 마그리트, Art Therapist, Self-Reflection Art-Making, Arts-Based Autobiographical Narrative Inquiry, Rene Magritte

정위 Ding Wei , 김지나 Kim Ji-na

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.8 Vol.7(No.2) 163-194, 2026

Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this qualitative study explores the employment choice process of design-major undergraduates in Hubei Province, China. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 visual design students at W University and analyzed from the perspectives of behavioral attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. The findings show that professional identity, interest in design, and expectations of economic independence positively influenced employment intentions. In contrast, uncertainty about personal competence, concerns over labor market competition, and anxiety regarding the spread of AI-Generated Content (AIGC) weakened employment intentions. Family members functioned as both sources of support and providers of normative expectations, while peer comparison generated motivation as well as psychological pressure. In addition, structural factors including the mismatch between university curricula and industry demands, limited practical opportunities, and restricted access to employment information significantly shaped participants’ employment preparation and career choices. The study highlights the complex interplay of psychological, social, and structural factors in design students’ employment decisions and provides implications for career education and employment support.

계획행동이론, TPB, 취업 선택, 디자인 전공 학부생, 진로 의사결정, 지각된 행동 통제, Theory of Planned Behavior, Employment Choice, Design Undergraduates, Career Decision-Making, Perceived Behavioral Control

임동구 Lim Dong-ku , 김영미 Kim Young-mi , 정남호 Chung Nam-ho

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.9 Vol.7(No.2) 195-220, 2026

This study investigates the acceptance mechanism of Popera music based on an expanded Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and empirically verifies the differences between the MZ generation and the older generation through Multi-Group Analysis (MGA). Data were collected from adults who are aware of Popera and analyzed using structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate a multiple mediation structure: media acceptance experience significantly influences attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control through the mediation of public perception, ultimately translating into acceptance intention. A critical generational divergence was identified: for the MZ generation, "subjective norms" (reflecting social conformity and reputation) acted as the most powerful driver of acceptance intention. Conversely, for the older generation, "perceived behavioral control" (representing practical viewing conditions and resource control) exerted an overwhelming influence. This study extends the academic scope of art management by identifying the psychological structure of Popera consumption through the dual axes of "Norm" and "Control." Practically, it suggests tailored strategies: emphasizing social trends for the MZ generation and enhancing viewing convenience and accessibility for the older generation.

팝페라, 확장된 계획행동이론, MZ세대, 다집단 분석, 미디어 수용경험, Popera, Expanded Theory of Planned Behavior, E-TPB, MZ Generation, Multi-Group Analysis, MGA, Media Acceptance Experience

박세찬 Park Sechan , 조혜수 Cho Hyesoo , 권재윤 Kwon Jaeyoon

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.10 Vol.7(No.2) 221-235, 2026

This research analyzes the design, operation, and evaluation of a cheer song creation course using AI programs, aimed at revitalizing professional sports cheering culture and enhancing the quality of applied music education. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, the study followed eight students from diverse academic backgrounds―including Applied Music, Sports Culture, Cultural Contents, and Media Communication―as they engaged in a 15-week Industry-Coupled Project-Based Learning (IC-PBL) project in collaboration with Ansan Greeners FC. Data collection was conducted through triangulation, incorporating participant observation, analysis of step-by-step outputs, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and field context analysis. The collected data were processed using thematic analysis, resulting in four core findings. First, Bridging the Creative Gap through AI: The phased integration of AI programs lowered barriers for non-music majors while expanding the creative methodologies of music majors. Based on Self-Efficacy Theory, the immediate success experienced through AI tools served as a continuous motivator for learning engagement. Second, Structural Drivers of Flow: The goal-oriented nature of creating songs for a real-world professional club acted as a structural catalyst for Flow. Students exhibited core characteristics of flow, such as the distortion of time and the merging of action and awareness. Third, Interdisciplinary Collaboration Model: The multi-major team structure fostered an "autonomous division of labor" where specialized skills merged organically. This realized an ideal PBL model that simultaneously reinforced both professional identity and collaborative efficacy. Forth, Transformative Learning via Field Application: Witnessing fans sing their compositions at the stadium and receiving direct feedback from club officials served as a catalyst for Transformative Learning. This shifted the students' perception of their work from a mere "school assignment" to a "tangible cultural product," leading to increased career confidence and a sense of professional vocation.

프로스포츠 구단, 창의융합, 교육 모델, AI 음악, 응원가, 사례연구, Cheer Song, AI Program, Sports Fan, Professional Sports Club, Case Study

주은혜 Ju Eun-hea , 박혜영 Park Hye-young

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.11 Vol.7(No.2) 237-262, 2026

The purpose of this study was to analyze the overall characteristics and reporting quality of choir-based program research conducted in Korea and to provide foundational data for improving the quality of future choir research and establishing reporting guidelines. A total of 33 studies, including 22 master's and doctoral theses and 11 journal articles published between 2008 and March 2026, were selected according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, target domains and outcome measures, program characteristics, and reporting quality based on the guidelines proposed by Robb et al. (2011). The results showed that quantitative research accounted for the largest proportion of studies, and children and adolescents were the most frequently investigated participants. In addition, studies involving general populations without specific diagnoses were relatively common, and improvement in social skills was the most frequently reported target domain. However, many studies provided insufficient information regarding the theoretical rationale and treatment fidelity of the programs. This study is meaningful in that it systematically examined the characteristics and reporting quality of choir-based program research and provides foundational data for the development of choir programs, research design, and the establishment of reporting standards in future studies.

합창, 음악, 프로그램, 사회성, 문헌고찰, Choir, Music, Program, Social Skills, Systematic Review

천민경 Chun Min-kyeong

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.12 Vol.7(No.2) 263-285, 2026

This study examines changes in the musical treatment of nature by comparing the rhetorical imitation of nature in eighteenth-century French Baroque music with contemporary ecosonic performance techniques. To this end, it analyzes the ways in which natural sound is represented and sonically generated in performance, focusing on Francois Couperin’s < Le Rossignol en amour > and Stephen Preston’s ecosonic performance system. In this study, “representation” refers to the way in which the sounds and images of nature are presented through musical signs such as melody, rhythm, ornamentation, and rhetorical techniques. By contrast, “actualization” refers to the formation of fluid and unstable sonic conditions characteristic of natural sound through the performer’s breath, fingering, microtonality, timbral change, and airflow. In Couperin’s work, agrements, tremblements, pinces, metrical structure, and tonal system construct the image of the nightingale’s song as musical signs. In Preston’s ecosonics, however, fingering structures based on Leibniz’s binary system and the hexagram system of the I Ching, together with microtonal fluctuations, changes in breath, and air sounds, are linked to the conditions through which natural sound is generated. The case analysis shows that Couperin’s imitation of nature expresses birdsong through ornamentation and rhetorical techniques, whereas Preston’s ecosonics forms the fluidity and instability of natural sound within the process of performance. This study suggests that the Baroque flute can function as a medium connecting two performance aesthetics: the representation of nature and the sonic generation of natural sound.

자연 모방, 수사학, 아그레망, 프랑수아 쿠프랭, 에코소닉스, Imitation of Nature, Rhetoric, Agrements, Francois Couperin, Ecosonics

윤지은 Yun Jieun , 권혜인 K Won H Aein , 손봉희 Son Bonghee

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.13 Vol.7(No.2) 287-301, 2026

This study aimed to analyze the current status of movement education in acting-related programs at Korean universities and to explore directions for its improvement. Data were collected from curricula published on the official websites of universities. The analysis focused on the presence of movement-related courses, the number of courses offered, their distribution across academic years, and the content reflected in course titles. A total of 52 acting-related departments were selected from 67 universities identified through the Korean Higher Education Information Disclosure System. The results showed that movement education is offered in many universities, but substantial differences exist in the number and organization of courses. Movement-related courses were concentrated primarily in the first and second years, indicating a lack of continuity throughout the curriculum. In addition, course titles revealed a strong emphasis on dance and physical training, whereas courses focusing on bodily expression and sensory awareness were relatively limited. These findings suggest that movement education in university acting programs requires greater systematicity, continuity, and integration with acting training. Based on the results, this study proposes the development of sequential curricula, the expansion of required movement courses, and the diversification of educational content. The study provides foundational data for improving movement-centered education in actor training.

연기교육, 움직임 교육, 대학 교육과정, 교육현황분석, 신체훈련, acting education, movement education, university curriculum, education curriculum analysis, physical training

허진 Xu Jin , 김인설 Kim Insul

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.14 Vol.7(No.2) 303-328, 2026

This study analyzes how place is transformed into a performative experience by examining the material space of Only Henan·Drama Fantasy City. Drawing on Soja’s Third-space theory as an overarching spatial framework, the study focuses specifically on First-space, that is, the organization of material space that can be perceived and experienced. Methodologically, this study adopts a qualitative case study approach and analyzes the circulation routes, themed zones, performance spaces, and installations that constitute the performance complex, based on field research, participant observation, and photographic documentation. The findings show that the material space of Only Henan·Drama Fantasy City is not merely an assemblage of individual theatres or scenic facilities. Rather, it functions as a complex spatial system that continuously organizes spectators’ movement and dwelling, waiting and transition, viewing and consumption. These elements do not exist as separate functional units; instead, they constitute a First-space characterized by fluidity, hierarchy, heterogeneity, and continuity, enabling the place itself to operate as part of the performative experience. The academic significance of this study lies in demonstrating how material space functions as a condition for audience experience and cultural meaning-making in real-scene performance and immersive performance tourism. In doing so, the study complements previous research that has focused primarily on audience perception, immersive experience, and spatial narrative, while expanding the analytical scope of performance tourism space studies.

<오직허난·연극환성>, 물질공간, 제3공간 이론, 실경공연, 사례연구, < Only Henan·Drama Fantasy City >, Material Space, Third-space Theory, Real-scenery Performance, Case Study

차은주 Cha Eun-joo

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.15 Vol.7(No.2) 329-346, 2026

The purpose of this study was to extend the functionalist approach that has dominated senior dance research by exploring the process of embodied self-understanding manifested in senior dance experiences. In addition, this study proposes body insight as a conceptual framework for explaining such experiences. To this end, relevant theories and previous studies on embodiment, somatics, kinesthetic experience, interoception, body awareness, and body insight were reviewed. The findings revealed that the embodied meanings of senior dance experiences could be structured into three interconnected dimensions: rediscovery of the body, embodiment of emotions, and expansion of self-understanding. These dimensions were interpreted as a process of body insight that connects bodily experiences to self-understanding and self-regulation beyond the level of body awareness. In particular, by reexamining senior dance experiences through the perspectives of phenomenology and somatics, this study extends the scope of function-oriented research on senior dance and offers a new interpretive perspective on embodied dance experiences and body insight in later life. Therefore, this study reinterprets senior dance experiences not merely as outcomes of functional improvement but as a process of embodied self-understanding, and proposes body insight as a conceptual framework for explaining their embodied meanings.

시니어 무용경험, 신체통찰력, 체화, 신체감각 인식, 살아있는 몸, Senior Dance Experience, Body Insight, Embodiment, Body Awareness, Lived Body

송재릉 Song Zi-ling

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.16 Vol.7(No.2) 347-365, 2026

The purpose of this study was to propose an integrated arts education curriculum based on intangible cultural heritage dance for Chinese universities in the context of digital transformation. To accomplish this objective, a modified Delphi survey and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were conducted with an expert panel consisting of specialists in contemporary Chinese university intangible cultural heritage dance education, digital education, and convergent arts education. Through this process, five upper-level competency domains and twenty sub-factors were derived: cultural understanding and traditional succession competency, bodily expression and artistic practice competency, digital literacy and media utilization competency, digital convergence creative competency, and integrative thinking and creative problem-solving competency. Based on the results of the modified Delphi survey, AHP was subsequently employed to examine the relative priorities of these competencies. The findings indicated that, among the upper-level competency domains, digital convergence creative competency ranked highest, followed by integrative thinking and creative problem-solving competency, digital literacy and media utilization competency, cultural understanding and traditional succession competency, and bodily expression and artistic practice competency. Among all sub-factors, the ability to reconstruct digitally based integrated arts content was identified as the most significant. Drawing upon these findings, this study ultimately proposed an integrated arts education curriculum entitled Digital Convergent Arts Creation and Practice of Intangible Cultural Heritage Dance, grounded in intangible cultural heritage dance. The proposed curriculum is expected to provide both a theoretical foundation and a practical framework for advancing university dance education in response to the evolving demands of the digital transformation era.

무형문화유산 무용교육, 통합예술교육, 디지털 융합 교육, 디지털 예술교육, 대학 무용교육, Intangible Cultural Heritage Dance Education, Integrated Arts Education, Digital Convergence Education, Digital Arts Education, University Dance Education

한재영 Han Jae-young , 이윤경 Lee Yoon-kyung

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.17 Vol.7(No.2) 367-383, 2026

This study aimed to examine the effects of growth mindset and goal orientation on dance commitment among university students majoring in dance. Data were collected over a three-week period, from March 2 to March 19, 2026, through a survey administered to 223 dance major students enrolled in universities located in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0, including validity analysis, reliability analysis, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that first, among the sub-factors of goal orientation, learning goal orientation was found to have no significant effect on dance commitment, whereas performance goal orientation had a positive effect. Second, growth mindset was found to have a positive effect on dance commitment. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide foundational data for supporting more effective learning experiences among university students majoring in dance. Based on the results, this study suggests the improvement of instructional strategies for fostering appropriate goal orientation, the development and implementation of growth mindset-based educational programs, and the establishment of an integrated educational environment to enhance dance commitment.

무용, 대학생, 성장마인드셋, 목표지향성, 무용몰입, Dance, University Students, Growth Mindset, Goal Orientation, Dance Commitment

장선미 Jang Sun-mi , 신정택 Shin Jung-taek

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.18 Vol.7(No.2) 385-400, 2026

This study synthesized the scholarly trends in psychological skills training (PST) and counseling research for baseball players through a systematic review of the meta-analytic literature, and it delineates an evidence-based foundation, future research directions, and field applications tailored to baseball. We employed a mixed-methods integrative review that combined an umbrella review approach of existing meta-analyses with a narrative-synthesis track of primary empirical studies on baseball players, following the reporting principles of PRISMA 2020 (Page et al., 2021) and Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative review framework. Records published between 1989 and 2025 were retrieved from international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) and Korean databases (RISS, KCI, DBpia), and were screened using predefined PICO-based eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was appraised with AMSTAR 2 (Shea et al., 2017), yielding low-to-high overall confidence ratings depending on the study. Nine studies were ultimately included: five meta-analyses or systematic reviews (Track A) and four primary empirical studies on baseball players (Track B). All effect-size estimates reported in this review are values originally reported in the source articles; the present study did not conduct a primary meta-analysis. Two principal findings emerged. First, prior meta-analyses have consistently reported moderate positive effects of PST on athletes' psychological variables and performance in sport in general, and individual studies on baseball players have shown meaningful relevance for hitting performance and yips-related variables. Second, no meta-analysis has yet integrated psychological intervention effects within the single sport of baseball with respect to position, age, and skill characteristics within the search scope of this review―a critical research gap. Drawing on these findings, the study proposes (1) the urgent need for baseball-specific meta-analyses, (2) comparative effect-size analyses across imagery, self-talk, CBT, and MAC interventions, (3) meta-analyses utilizing objective performance metrics such as ERA, WHIP, and OPS, (4) meta-syntheses integrating qualitative research, and (5) cross-cultural research reflecting the Korean baseball context.

야구, 심리기술훈련, 심리상담, 통합적 고찰, 효과 크기, Baseball, Psychological skills training, Psychological counseling, Integrative review, Effect size

김용균 Yong-gyun Kim , 우혜윤 Hye-yoon Woo , 홍애령 Ae-ryung Hong

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.19 Vol.7(No.2) 401-418, 2026

This study examined research trends in the use of educational technology (EdTech) in physical education and explored elementary school teachers’ perceptions and needs regarding its implementation. A mixed-methods approach integrating literature analysis, surveys, and in-depth interviews was employed. Keyword network analysis was conducted on 93 studies related to EdTech in physical education published since 2018, followed by a nationwide survey of 411 elementary school teachers and interviews with three teachers. The results indicated that virtual reality (VR) was the most prominent technology in EdTech-related physical education research, while artificial intelligence (AI) and school physical education also emerged as influential themes. Although 45% of teachers reported prior experience using EdTech, limited technological proficiency and implementation-related concerns restricted its broader use. Furthermore, only 32.6% recognized the necessity of EdTech, and 23% expressed confidence in utilizing it effectively. Interview findings suggested that EdTech can enhance student engagement and learning outcomes; however, concerns were raised that excessive reliance on technology may weaken opportunities for physical activity, a core value of physical education. These findings highlight the need to strengthen teachers’ digital competencies and pedagogical expertise and to develop instructional approaches that effectively integrate EdTech while preserving the educational purposes of physical education.

에듀테크, 초등체육, 체육수업, 가상현실, VR, 인공지능, AI, 교사인식, EdTech, Elementary Physical Education, Physical Education Classes, Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Teacher Perceptions

상위안 Shang Yuan , 추위지에 Chu Yu-jie , 김대희 Kim Dae-hee

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.20 Vol.7(No.2) 419-433, 2026

This study examines the institutional supply structure of rural sports policy in China from the perspectives of policy instruments and new quality productive forces. A multidimensional framework―policy instruments, factors of production, requirements of new-quality development, and characteristics of old and new productive forces―was developed. A total of 133 national policy documents issued between January 2021 and April 2026 were analyzed using NVivo 15 with cross-coding of instrument types, policy targets, development requirements, and production-force orientations. Results indicate a strong reliance on supply-side instruments, dominated by traditional inputs such as activity organization and infrastructure. Environmental instruments are mainly used for goal planning, while standardization and regulation remain limited. Demand-side instruments are applied sparingly, primarily through social collaboration and pilot programs, with weak use of market mechanisms such as government procurement. Although policies oriented toward new quality productive forces are expanding, resource allocation in scientific and technological innovation lags behind stated goals, indicating insufficient alignment between policy objectives and instruments. These findings suggest that China’s rural sports policy remains supply-oriented while partially adapting to new-quality development demands. Future efforts should promote digital transformation, expand demand-side instruments, and strengthen institutional support for technology and human resources.

중국 농촌 체육, 정책도구, 신질생산력, 내용분석, 제도적 공급, Rural Sports in China, Policy Instruments, New Quality Productive Forces, Content Analysis, Institutional Supply

유은혜 Yoo Eunhye , 정선희 Chung Sunhee

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.21 Vol.7(No.2) 435-451, 2026

Despite the widespread adoption of Taekwon Dance in afterschool programs, private dojangs, and public performances, its academic and institutional systematization has been significantly delayed. This study systematically diagnoses the conceptual ambiguity surrounding Taekwon Dance and the absence of scholarly discourse on its certification system through qualitative content analysis. The analysis focused on academic and graduate-level theses published between 2010 and 2024 across major Korean academic databases (RISS, KISS, DBpia, KCI). Three key findings emerged. First, multiple terms―including taekkwon daenseu and taekkwon chejo―are used interchangeably without conceptual distinction, revealing a structural absence of epistemological foundations in the field. Second, no academic study has directly examined the Taekwon Dance certification system, leaving a critical gap in the scholarly basis for institutional reform. Third, these two problems―conceptual ambiguity and the absence of certification-related research―are structurally interlinked in a mutually reinforcing cycle that threatens learner protection and long-term field development. Based on these findings, this study proposes an integrated, sequential approach: concept establishment, accumulation of academic discourse, establishment of qualification standards, and institutional systematization.

태권댄스, 태권체조, 개념 혼용, 민간 자격증, 질적 내용분석, Taekwon Dance, Taekwon Gymnastics, Conceptual Ambiguity, Private Certification System, Qualitative Content Analysis

곽주현 Kwak Ju-hyun

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.22 Vol.7(No.2) 453-467, 2026

This study aimed to explore in depth the dropout experiences of elite rhythmic gymnastics athletes and to understand the meaning and process of these experiences in a structured manner. To achieve this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with five former elite rhythmic gymnasts who had experienced dropout. The collected data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of the analysis, a total of six themes and fourteen sub-themes were identified. The dropout experiences of the participants were structured into the following processes: precursors to dropout, conflict and decision-making, loss and collapse, confusion during transition, reconstruction of identity, and reinterpretation of meaning. Prior to dropout, participants experienced repeated physical limitations and psychological burnout. They made the decision to discontinue their athletic careers while facing conflicts between external expectations and internal desires. After dropout, they experienced a loss of goals and a collapse of athletic identity. However, over time, they gradually explored new career paths and positively reinterpreted their dropout experiences. These findings suggest that dropout among elite athletes is not merely the cessation of participation but a developmental transition process in which physical, psychological, and social factors interact in complex ways. Therefore, this study highlights the need for systematic educational and policy support to prevent dropout and to facilitate successful career transitions.

리듬체조, 중도탈락, 엘리트 선수, 정체성 전환, 질적연구, Rhythmic gymnastics, Dropout, Elite athletes, Identity transition, Qualitative research

정재은 Chung Jae-eun

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.23 Vol.7(No.2) 469-483, 2026

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship of positive psychological capital and career adaptability with the mediating effects of grit and social support for university students in physical education. The participants of this study consisted using of 393 university students who were more than 18 years old. They were assessed by positive psychological capital scale and career adaptability scale, grit scale and social support scale. First, positive psychological capital had a positive influence on grit perceived by university students in physical education. Second, positive psychological capital had a positive influence on career adaptability perceived by university students in physical education. Third, positive psychological capital had a positive influence on social support perceived by university students in physical education. Fourth, career adaptability had a positive influence on social support perceived by university students in physical education. Therefore, social support has mediation effect relationship between positive psychological capital and career adaptability perceived by university students in physical education. It can be confirmed that social support is an external mechanism that can explain the relationship between positive psychological capital and career adaptability perceived by university students in physical education.

체육전공 대학생, 긍정심리자본, 진로 적응성, 그릿, 사회적 지지, University Students in Physical Education, Positive Psychological Capital, Career Adaptability, Grit, Social Support

이강진 Lee Kang-jin , 이원일 Lee Weon-il

DOI:10.47415/IRAC.7.2.24 Vol.7(No.2) 485-504, 2026

This study explored how equestrian practice is reconfigured through horse ownership experience, shifting from a performance-centered activity toward greater attention to the horse’s body, living conditions, and care. A narrative inquiry was conducted with five equestrians who had experience owning and managing their own horses. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field notes. The findings showed that participants’ early horse ownership experience was initially shaped by desires for freer riding, performance improvement, competitive advantage, and symbolic satisfaction. However, experiences such as colic, lameness, paralysis, environmental stress, and neglect disrupted their previous performance-oriented understanding of riding. Over time, participants began to place greater importance on feeding, rest, hygiene, ventilation, turnout, footing, and the horse’s overall condition. These findings suggest that horse ownership experience does not simply extend riding practice, but reshapes how equestrians perceive responsibility, care, and the horse’s everyday life. The study highlights the possibility of understanding equestrian practice not only as human leisure, but also as a relational and ecological practice.

자마 승마인, 승마 경험, 인간과 동물의 관계, 재구성, 내러티브 탐구, horse ownership, equestrian experience, human-animal relationship, reconstruction, narrative inquiry